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Knowledge branch 06 · Seminars 8 and 10-12

Other unfair commercial practices

其他不公平商业行为

Unsolicited consumer agreements

未经请求的消费者协议

01

ENGLISH

ACL ss 69-95 regulate door-to-door and unsolicited telephone negotiations for consumer goods or services where the price exceeds $100 or cannot be determined. Dealers must observe permitted contact hours, identify themselves and their purpose, explain termination rights, leave when asked and provide compliant written documents.

中文解释

ACL ss 69-95规制上门推销及未经邀请的电话销售；适用于consumer goods/services且价格超过100澳元或无法确定的情形。Dealer必须遵守联系时间、说明身份和目的、解释终止权、被要求时离开，并提供合规书面文件。

  • Ordinary cooling-off period: 10 business days通常冷静期：10个工作日
  • Certain conduct breaches extend termination to 3 months部分行为违规会把终止权延长至3个月
  • Document, supply or termination-right breaches can extend it to 6 months文件、供货或终止权违规可延长至6个月
  • Termination may be oral or written; supplier must refund and stop collection终止可以口头或书面作出；供应商须退款并停止追款

Unsolicited supplies

未经请求的供应

02

ENGLISH

Sections 39-43 deal with unsolicited cards, goods, services and directory or advertising entries. Sending goods is not always prohibited, but asserting a right to payment without reasonable cause is. Recipients usually owe nothing and are not liable for accidental loss or damage during the recovery period.

中文解释

ss 39-43规制未经请求的银行卡、商品、服务及名录/广告条目。寄送商品本身不一定违法，但在没有合理依据时主张付款权通常违法。收件人一般无需付款，在回收期内也通常不对意外灭失或损坏负责。

  • Credit/debit cards generally require prior written request, subject to replacement exceptions信用卡/借记卡原则上须有事先书面请求，替换卡例外
  • Goods recovery period is usually 3 months, shortened to 1 month after written notice商品回收期通常为3个月；书面通知后可缩短为1个月
  • Title may pass to the recipient after the recovery period回收期届满后所有权可能转给收件人

Lay-by and gift cards

Lay-by与礼品卡

03

ENGLISH

Lay-by agreements generally involve goods delivered only after payment by three or more instalments, or two instalments where expressly described as lay-by. They require written terms and allow consumer termination subject only to a reasonable termination charge. Gift cards generally need at least three years' validity, a displayed expiry date and no prohibited post-supply fees.

中文解释

Lay-by通常指商品在分三次或更多次付款完成后才交付；若明确称为lay-by，两次分期也可构成。协议须书面订立，消费者可终止，费用仅限合理终止成本。礼品卡通常至少有效三年，必须显示到期日，并禁止特定售后费用。

Pyramid schemes and referral selling

金字塔计划与推荐销售

04

ENGLISH

Sections 44-46 prohibit participation in and inducement into pyramid schemes where rewards are substantially recruitment-based rather than genuine product sales. Section 49 prohibits referral selling where a promised benefit depends on a later event such as a referred person completing a transaction.

中文解释

ss 44-46禁止参加或诱导参加收益主要来自招募新成员而非真实产品销售的金字塔计划。s 49禁止推荐销售，即承诺的利益取决于之后发生的事件，例如被推荐人最终完成交易。

Scams and the anti-scam framework

诈骗与反诈骗框架

05

ENGLISH

A scam is not a single standalone ACL cause of action, but the conduct commonly overlaps with misleading conduct, wrongly accepting payment and criminal fraud. The National Anti-Scam Centre emphasises 'Stop, Check, Protect'. The Scams Prevention Framework initially places prevention, detection, disruption, response and reporting duties on designated sectors including banks, telecommunications providers and digital platforms.

中文解释

Scam并不是一个独立的ACL诉因，但相关行为通常同时涉及误导行为、错误收款及刑事欺诈。National Anti-Scam Centre强调“Stop, Check, Protect”。Scams Prevention Framework最初对银行、电信服务商和数字平台等指定行业设置预防、识别、中断、响应及报告义务。

  • Common risks include investment, romance, remote-access and deepfake celebrity scams常见风险包括投资、网恋、远程控制及deepfake名人诈骗
  • ACL remedies may coexist with the separate anti-scam frameworkACL救济可与独立反诈骗框架并行

Pricing rules

价格规则

06

ENGLISH

Under s 47, where multiple prices are displayed, a supplier who chooses to sell must not charge more than the lowest displayed price, although the consumer cannot force a sale. Section 48 requires a prominent single total price when component prices are represented, including unavoidable charges that can be quantified at that time.

中文解释

根据s 47，同一商品展示多个价格时，供应商若决定出售，不得高于最低展示价，但消费者无权强迫成交。s 48要求在展示组成价格时同时醒目显示单一总价，并包括当时可量化的不可避免费用。

  • A supplier may withdraw the goods or make an equally prominent retraction供应商可撤回商品或作同等醒目的更正
  • AirAsia, Viagogo and Dendy illustrate component and drip pricingAirAsia、Viagogo及Dendy案件说明component/drip pricing
  • Excessive payment surcharges are separately regulated by CCA Part IVC过高支付附加费另受CCA Part IVC规制
  • Proposed transaction-charge reforms must be labelled as proposed until commenced拟议的交易收费改革在生效前必须标记为proposed

Transaction records

交易记录

07

ENGLISH

A supplier must automatically provide proof of transaction for supplies of $75 or more and provide it within seven days on request for lower-value transactions. A consumer may request a free itemised bill within 30 days, and the supplier must provide it within seven days.

中文解释

交易金额达到75澳元时，供应商须主动提供交易凭证；低于75澳元的交易在消费者请求后七日内提供。消费者可在30日内要求免费的itemised bill，供应商须在七日内交付。

Proposed unfair-trading reforms

拟议不公平交易改革

08

ENGLISH

The 2026 course materials discuss proposed reforms, including a general unfair-trading prohibition and disclosure of transaction-based charges. The proposed test focuses on manipulation or unreasonable distortion of consumer decision-making together with actual or likely detriment, with examples such as obstructing remedies, withholding material information, information overload and digital dark patterns.

中文解释

2026课程材料讨论了拟议改革，包括一般不公平交易禁止及transaction-based charges披露。拟议测试关注对消费者决策的操纵或不合理扭曲，并要求存在实际或可能损害；示例包括阻碍消费者获得救济、隐瞒重要信息、信息过载及数字dark patterns。

  • Proposed s 28B and proposed s 48A are not presented here as commenced law拟议s 28B及拟议s 48A在此不会被表述为已经生效
  • Status and commencement dates must be checked before legal reliance在法律依赖前必须核对其状态及生效日期